{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:52:37Z","timestamp":1789210357267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Behav Evol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nervus terminalis (TN), a component of the olfactory system, is found in most vertebrates. The TN of some fishes and mammals contains neurons immunoreactive (ir) to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH), and to several other neuropeptides and neurotransmitter systems, but there is little information on TN chemistry in other vertebrate taxa. Using immunocytochemical techniques, we found LHRH-ir neurons in amphibian TNs. In anurans, but not in a urodele, the TN was also found to contain Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;\/sub&gt;(FMRFamide) immunoreactivity. LHRH-ir neurons of the TN and those of the septal-hypothalamic system are morphologically homogeneous and form a distinct anatomical continuum in amphibians. Based upon topographical and cytological criteria, we hypothesize that LHRH-ir systems in vertebrates might derive embryonically from the TN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000116541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T05:59:29Z","timestamp":1202450369000},"page":"141-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["The Nervus terminalis in Amphibians: Anatomy, Chemistry and Relationship with the Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone System"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Linda E.","family":"Muske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank L.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]]},"container-title":["Brain, Behavior and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000116541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T08:06:02Z","timestamp":1776845162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000116541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000116541","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8977","1421-9743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8977","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9743","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]]}}}