{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:12:33Z","timestamp":1777867953669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]],"date-time":"2008-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]],"date-time":"2008-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation are well-recognized risk factors for increased mortality, morbidity and poor neurologic outcome. Risk assessment is different considering true preterm (appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA) or growth-retarded (small-for-gestational-age, SGA) infants. Therefore, we carried out a study on the incidence of hemorrhagic (peri-intraven-tricular hemorrhage, PIVH) and ischemic (periventricular leukomalacia) brain lesions in two groups of AGA and SGA very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. In the study period (1987-1990), 111 VLBW babies (&lt; 1,500 g body weight) were serially studied at days 1, 3 and 7 and weekly until discharge by cerebral ultrasonography (ATL, MK 4, 7.5 MHz). 57 were VLBW-AGA babies (mean gestational age 28 weeks, mean body weight 1,106 g). 54 were VLBW-SGA babies (mean gestational age 31 weeks, mean body weight 990 g). PIVH was graded according to the system of Papile et al. Periventricular leukomalacia was defined as an echodensity (&gt;3 mm) adjacent to the lateral border of the ventricular body. We noted a higher incidence of PIVH in the AGA group (36.8%) than in SGA babies (18.5%; p &lt; 0.01, Fisher test). The AGA subgroup &lt; 1,000 g body weight had 72.2% PIVH compared to AGA babies &gt; 1,000 g (20.5%; p &lt; 0.01). The same relationship was observed in SGA babies (34.8% in &lt; 1,000 g and 6.4% in &gt; 1,000 g babies). Ischemic brain lesions (periventricular leukomalacia) were equally distributed between AGA and SGA babies (10.5 vs. 3.7%, p &gt; 0.5) independently of body weight category. We conclude that VLBW infants are a heterogeneous group of babies with different distribution of hemorrhagic and ischemic brain lesions, extremely low birth weight being a risk factor for PIVH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000116958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]],"date-time":"2008-02-12T06:16:35Z","timestamp":1202796995000},"page":"299-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth Retardation on Neonatal Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Brain Damage"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"H\u00fcppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]]},"container-title":["European Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/116958","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000116958","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:14:20Z","timestamp":1777547660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000116958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000116958","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-3022","1421-9913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-3022","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9913","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]]}}}