{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:13:49Z","timestamp":1791393229425,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; The long-term effect of nutrition on cardiac function remains to be elucidated. One possible link is the newly discovered gastric hormone ghrelin, which has been reported to be cardioprotective. &lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;\/i&gt; The present study examined whether total enteral nutrition (TEN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) differ in their modulation of ghrelin production and their effects on cardiac function after ischemia\/reperfusion injury. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Rats received isocaloric parenteral or enteral nutrition through implanted vascular catheters or gastrostomy tubes. TEN was administered in a conventional (TEN-C) or immunonutrition (TEN-I) form. After 7 days, serum ghrelin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and myocardial function was assessed using the Langendorff isolated heart technique. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; TEN-I animals had significantly higher plasma ghrelin levels than the other groups. After ischemia\/reperfusion injury, left ventricular developed pressure decreased in animals receiving TPN when compared to animals receiving TEN-I. Animals receiving TPN also had significant reductions in their maximal rates of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure when compared to animals receiving TEN-I (unpaired t test, p &lt; 0.05). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; TEN-I increases serum levels of ghrelin, which protects cardiac function after ischemic\/reperfusion injury. Because TEN-I more effectively protects cardiac function, we recommend it for long-term nutritional support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000119414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,5]],"date-time":"2008-03-05T13:10:47Z","timestamp":1204722647000},"page":"361-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Effects of Total Enteral versus Total Parenteral Nutrition on Ischemia\/Reperfusion-Induced Heart Injury in 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