{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:30:40Z","timestamp":1777919440478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]],"date-time":"2008-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]],"date-time":"2008-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High affinity binding of 3H-flunitrazepam (FNZP) to crude membrane preparations of bovine pineal membranes was examined by a rapid filtration procedure through Whatman GFB paper. At 0 \u00b0C binding reached equilibrium in about 20 min. Scatchard analysis of data at equilibrium revealed a single population of binding sites with dissociation constant (Kd) = 3.14 \u00b1 0.45 nM and binding site concentration (B&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;\/sub&gt;) = 55.6 \u00b1 5.6 fmol\/mg protein. Kinetic analysis of the association and dissociation curves indicated a kinetic K&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;\/sub&gt; = 1.13 nM, in reasonable agreement to that obtained at equilibrium. When various benzodiazepine (BZP) analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit 3H-FNZP binding, the following Ki (nM) were obtained:clonazepam (0.22), Ro 15\u20131788 (0.48), FNZP (0.95), Ro 5\u20134864 (&gt;10,000). When the \u03b2-carboline derivative 3H-ethyl-\u03b2-carboline-3-carboxylate ester (E\u03b2CEE) was used as a radioligand, K&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;\/sub&gt; at equilibrium (0.98 nM), kinetic Kd (1.69 nM) and affinity order for analogues were in close agreement to those found for FNZP binding; however, B&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;\/sub&gt; was about 60% that observed for 3H-FNZP binding. Addition of GABA or pentobarbital (100 \u03bcM) to pineal membranes increased 3H-FNZP binding by 55 and 72%. These results suggest the existence of a mixed population of type 1 and type 2 central BZP receptor subclass in bovine pineal gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000123533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]],"date-time":"2008-03-28T16:47:51Z","timestamp":1206722871000},"page":"150-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Pedro R.","family":"Lowenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Cardinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]},"container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/123533","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000123533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:03:02Z","timestamp":1777662182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000123533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000123533","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3835","1423-0194"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3835","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0194","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]}}}