{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:01:06Z","timestamp":1774868466021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Living cells can be viewed as complex adaptive systems that exhibit non-linear dynamics and fractal features. We investigated the fractal qualities of normal and malignant hematological cells and their potential as a tool for characterizing cell phenotype and clinical behavior. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; A mathematical algorithm and an optic tool for fractal analysis of nuclei were developed. A total of 4,713 lymphoid cells derived from 66 patients of five distinct diagnostic groups (normal and reactive lymphocytes, low-grade lymphomas and an aggressive lymphoma) were assessed for their fractal dimension. In addition, in 19 patients fractal analysis of leukemia cells was compared to clinical endpoints. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; After validating our method, hematological cells possessed fractal dimensions corresponding to their clinical entity. There was a highly significant overall difference in fractal dimensions between various types of hematological malignancies. A preliminary correlation was found between the fractal dimension and the clinical outcome of leukemia patients. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Hematological cells possess fractal dimensions that correlate with their biological properties. Measurement of fractal dimension seems to be a sensitive method to assess the hematological cell phenotype and to define a clinical group. This tool may be potentially useful for the evaluation of clinical behavior of hematological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000125551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,17]],"date-time":"2008-04-17T09:12:51Z","timestamp":1208423571000},"page":"142-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells Possess Fractal Dimensions That Correlate with Their Biological Features"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Adi","family":"Mashiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ofir","family":"Wolach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Sandbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Uziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Raanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meir","family":"Lahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.09.022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.04.031"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.4.0771"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310405"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:5:3:193"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6674.636"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.104042"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199905000-00097"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91836-J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.2976"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9203-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290503"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812103392401"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bcmd.2003.09.010"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.exphem.2003.10.012"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054%2Fmehy.1999.0848"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9098%28199806%2968%3A2%3C70%3A%3AAID-JSO2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-H"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F07357909709047603"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2896%2990948-4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0306-9877%2889%2990041-8"}],"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/125551","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/125551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1745460135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000125551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000125551","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}