{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:23:56Z","timestamp":1791120236688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]],"date-time":"2008-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]],"date-time":"2008-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Surg Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin-4 (IL-4) demonstrates properties in vitro that suggest an anti-inflammatory role in the immune response, one of which is the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF) release. We examined the effects of IL-4 administration on mortality and serum TNF levels in two murine models of peritonitis. Animals infected with intraperitoneal injections of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis (acute peritonitis) had a decreased mortality and earlier TNF-\u03b1 peak when pretreated with 5,000 units IL-4. Animals infected with bacteria and a sterile fecal adjuvant (chronic peritonitis) had no alteration in mortality or serum TNF levels (which were consistently low) with IL-4 pretreatment. These data demonstrate that, under some in vivo conditions, IL-4 can significantly ameliorate a septic insult, but this effect appears to be highly model-dependent and not clearly related to its effects on TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000129448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T02:35:14Z","timestamp":1209350114000},"page":"119-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interleukin-4 Prevents Mortality from Acute but Not Chronic Murine Peritonitis and Induces an Accelerated Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Response"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"R.G.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn K.","family":"Rosenlof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.L.","family":"Pruett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]]},"container-title":["European Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000129448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:07:59Z","timestamp":1777550879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000129448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000129448","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-312X","1421-9921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-312X","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]]}}}