{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T03:59:25Z","timestamp":1783828765569,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Recently, we found evidence that intra-nasally administered dopamine (DA), can enter the brain, leading to an immediate increase in extracellular DA levels in striatal subregions. This offers a potential alternative approach to target the brain with exogenous DA, which otherwise cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, we examined whether intra-nasally applied DA also exerts behavioral activity on mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopaminergic functions. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt; Male Wistar rats (3\u20134 months) were tested for potential behavioral effects of intra-nasally applied DA (0.03, 0.3 or 3.0 mg\/kg) in the forced swimming test (FST) for antidepressant-like activity, elevated plus-maze for anxiety-related behavior, and on motor activity in a novel and familiar environment. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Intra-nasally administered dopamine in a dose of 0.3 mg\/kg exerted antidepressant-like activity in the FST, but had neither anxiolytic-like nor anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze. Furthermore, intra-nasal dopamine stimulated locomotor activity in a familiar, but not novel, open field. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; These results support the view that intra-nasally applied DA can act on the central nervous system by entering the brain via the nose-brain pathway, making this kind of application procedure a promising alternative for targeting the brain, and thus treating disorders involving mesocortical and\/or nigrostriatal dopaminergic disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000135640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T11:26:06Z","timestamp":1212405966000},"page":"70-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Behavioral Actions of Intranasal Application of Dopamine: Effects on Forced Swimming, Elevated Plus-Maze and Open Field Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tim E.","family":"Buddenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Topic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Demetris","family":"Mahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"de Souza Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mattern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0928-0987%2800%2900087-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174%2F1567201053586047"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0169-409X%2897%2900060-4"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F713714452"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fjps.2600751113"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-510X%2801%2900532-9"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-3223%2895%2900180-8"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0306-4530%2896%2900012-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.1997.68010233.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2396%28199712%2927%3A4%3C294%3A%3AAID-SYN3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fsyn.20484"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1007542618378"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0928-0987%2801%2900151-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.lfs.2006.04.021"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211%2F0022357022539"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0361-9230%2877%2990066-1"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0149-7634%2889%2980017-X"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchpsyc.59.5.409"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchpsyc.62.11.1228"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0165-1781%2885%2990065-4"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-3223%2892%2990119-K"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124%2Fjpet.103.062463"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-3223%2895%2900666-4"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055%2Fs-2001-15872"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.161.3.564"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2800%2903248-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00008877-199711000-00010"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2005.03.008"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-004-2048-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fda.1050"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0091-3057%2882%2990507-X"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0024-3205%2897%2901160-0"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2897%2900593-3"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jns.2006.05.022"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0404.2006.00536.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs002130000447"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-003-1443-9"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2802%2901716-8"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-005-0115-3"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-2999%2878%2990118-8"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0278-5846%2891%2990018-V"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0166-4328%2895%2980004-2"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs002130051055"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2803%2901272-X"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-004-1821-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0166-4328%2883%2990123-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF02244322"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2802%2904048-9"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2800%2900566-5"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.biopsych.2006.05.031"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01277668"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs007020070022"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.mp.4000756"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.mp.4000754"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-2999%2887%2990248-2"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.fbp.0000236267.41806.5b"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-2999%2888%2990107-0"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01277669"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ejphar.2006.07.022"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF02246416"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0306-4522%2800%2900319-5"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0306-4522%2800%2900019-1"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.0953-816x.2000.01448.x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0306-4522%2894%2900409-X"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0166-4328%2899%2900041-8"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnm0102-24"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2897%2900066-6"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-004-1809-7"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165%2F00126839-200708030-00001"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ejps.2003.10.012"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/135640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/135640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T01:25:43Z","timestamp":1745457943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000135640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000135640","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-282X","1423-0224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-282X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}