{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:50:04Z","timestamp":1777945804085,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]],"date-time":"2008-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1211932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]],"date-time":"2008-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1211932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since in vivo studies indicate that older erythro cytes hemolyze preferentially in drug-induced hemolysis, differential centrifugation was used to separate young and old normal and G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes. Older cells were identified by their lower level of G-6-PD activity; in corporation of 59Fe into erythrocytes confirmed this division of cells by age. Mechanical fragility (MF) of old cells was greater than that of young cells. Effects of 8-amino-5,6-quino linediol (AQD) (a possible primaquine metabolite) and of 2-hydroxyphenetidine (HP) (a phenacetin metabolite) on hemolysis, MF and reduced glutathione (GSH) and methemoglobin content were examined in vitro. AQD (2.5 \u00d7 10\u20134 m) did not produce hemolysis but selectively increased MF of old G-6-PD deficient cells. HP (5 \u00d7 10\u20134 m) produced considerable hemolysis of both normal and G-6-PD deficient cells with a selective effect in old G-6-PD deficient cells. HP also selectively increased the MF of old G-6-PD deficient cells. Incubation with AQDor HP depleted GSH content more in old than in young G-6-PD deficient cells. This depletion of GSH was followed by increased MF of old G-6-PD deficient cells. Hemolysis of normal cells occurred without GSH depletion but was accompanied by GSH depletion in G-6-PD deficient cells. Smaller differences in methemoglobin formation occurred but were not well correlated with hemolysis or increased MF. Although not applicable as a routine diagnostic test in the clinical laboratory, increased MF in vitro of old G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes is suggested as a useful research tool in assessing the potential of drugs or drug metabolites to cause hemolysis in vivo, particularly in combination with parallel studies of glutathione depletion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000136189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T07:26:06Z","timestamp":1212391566000},"page":"173-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alterations in Normal and G-6-PD Deficient Human Erythrocytes of Various Ages after Exposure to Metabolites of Hemolytic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"I.M.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.E.","family":"Tilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.S.","family":"Vesell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]]},"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000136189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:23:46Z","timestamp":1777728226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000136189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000136189","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-7012","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]]}}}