{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:53:13Z","timestamp":1745470393020,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells Tissues Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The brainstem is classically divided into functional columns including special and general subdivisions for somatic and visceral components. The term \u2018special visceral motor\u2019 is applied to branchiomotor nuclei, while \u2018special visceral sensory\u2019 refers to nuclei devoted to incoming gustatory and olfactory senses. The use of the term \u2018special visceral motor\u2019 is questioned in that the branchiomotor neurons function more like general somatic than general visceral motoneurons. The designation of taste and smell as \u2018special visceral sensory\u2019 systems seems inconsistent on several bases. First, taste and smell are not homologous systems: (1) the receptors are grossly dissimilar in morphology and relationship to other elements of the nervous system; (2) the two systems mediate very different behaviors and respond to different types of chemical stimuli, and (3) chemosensory systems are not \u2018special\u2019 (i.e. limited to cranial nerves) in that solitary chemoreceptor cells, which are distributed across the body surface, can be innervated by spinal or cranial nerves. Finally, taste is considered \u2018special\u2019 because it involves specialized chemosensory end organs; the visceral nerves also provide innervation to other specialized chemoreceptors (e.g. carotid body) which are considered part of the general visceral sensory system. Thus the term \u2018special visceral sensory\u2019 appears without solid foundation when applied to gustatory systems in contradistinction to nongustatory branchial and thoracic interoceptive systems. A reformulation of the functional columns of the brainstem is suggested in which six columns can be identified: (1) somatic motor; (2) branchial motor; (3) visceral motor; (4) visceral sensory; (5) somatic sensory, and (6) hair cell (dorsolateral placode) sensory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000147532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,18]],"date-time":"2008-07-18T14:22:56Z","timestamp":1216390976000},"page":"132-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["What\u2019s so Special about Special Visceral?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"T.E.","family":"Finger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]]},"container-title":["Cells Tissues Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/147532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/147532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:59:29Z","timestamp":1745456369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000147532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000147532","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-6405","1422-6421"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1422-6405"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-6421"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993]]}}}