{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:47:44Z","timestamp":1778906864225,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) offers a very promising therapy for medically intractable dystonia. However, little is known about the long-term benefit and safety of this procedure. We therefore performed a retrospective long-term analysis of 18 patients (age 12\u201378 years) suffering from primary generalized (9), segmental (6) or focal (3) dystonia (minimum follow-up: 36 months). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Outcome was assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden (BFM) scores (generalized dystonia) and the Tsui score (focal\/segmental dystonia). Follow-up ranged between 37 and 90 months (mean 60 months). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Patients with generalized dystonia showed a mean improvement in the BFM movement score of 39.4% (range 0\u201368.8%), 42.5% (range \u201316.0 to 81.3%) and 46.8% (range \u20132.7 to 83.1%) at the 3- and 12-month, and long-term follow-up, respectively. In focal\/segmental dystonia, the mean reduction in the Tsui score was 36.8% (range 0\u2013100%), 65.1% (range 16.7\u2013100%) and 59.8% (range 16.7\u2013100%) at the 3- and 12-month, and long-term follow-up, respectively. Local infections were noted in 2 patients and hardware problems (electrode dislocation and breakage of the extension cable) in 1 patient. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Our data showed Gpi-DBS to offer a very effective and safe therapy for different kinds of primary dystonia, with a significant long-term benefit in the majority of cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000177623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T14:18:13Z","timestamp":1227968293000},"page":"8-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Globus Pallidus Internus Stimulation in Different Types of Primary 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