{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:08:59Z","timestamp":1777946939132,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; cost of breathing has been calculated in awake and anesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously. Respiratory variables were measured in tracheostomized dogs in the standing position, while supported in a canvas sling, at room temperatures between 20 and 23 \u00b0C. Minute ventilation ranged between 3 and 53 liters\/min while VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; ranged from 61 to 686 ml\/min. V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt;, VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; and f varied considerably from measurement to measurement even though body temperatures and experimental conditions changed very little. VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; increased with V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt;: VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; = 10.2 V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt; + 58.4, r = 0.94. A cubic polynomial equation was also calculated for these data: VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; = 11.6 + 19.0 V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt;-0.42 (V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt;)2 + 0.0057 (V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt;)3. Awake dogs showed panting and considerable hyperventilation (P&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;\/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; = 22.5+ SD of 4.5 mm Hg). Anesthetized dogs had lower average values of f, V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt; and V0&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;; while average P&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;\/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; was 29.1 \u00b1 4.5 mm Hg, VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; and V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt; measured when the dogs were anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated were related by this equation: VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; = 5.9 V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt; + 87.5, r \u2248 0.88. The O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; cost of breathing, calculated by subtracting the regression equation obtained while the dogs were under artificial respiration, from the cubic polynomial equation, increased with increasing V&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;\/sub&gt; in a curvilinear fashion. The values for O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; cost of breathing at high levels of ventilation were high because dogs\u2019 lungs are small. After correcting for lung size, values for O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; cost of breathing were similar to those in humans<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000193877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]],"date-time":"2009-01-21T11:06:40Z","timestamp":1232536000000},"page":"186-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oxygen Cost of Breathing in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Romo-Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Aquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Searles, jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalio","family":"Banchero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]]},"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/193877","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000193877","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T21:04:05Z","timestamp":1777755845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000193877"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000193877","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]]}}}