{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:10:21Z","timestamp":1777947021386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on the production of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) by alveolar macrophages (AM) in mice (C57BL\/6). The results obtained are as follows: (1) In vivo tobacco smoke exposure caused a significant decrease in the production of TNF\u03b1 by AM with the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; control group: 19.32 \u00b1 5.52 U\/ml, smoked group: 4.28 \u00b1 0.98 U\/ml; p &lt; 0.05). (2) In vitro exposure of AM to tobacco smoke extracts (water-soluble extracts) also caused a decrease in the production of TNF\u03b1 up to 93% of control with stimulation of LPS (p &lt; 0.05) without any decrease in cellular viability. We concluded that the production of TNF\u03b1 by AM was impaired by smoking via direct action of the factors present in tobacco smoke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000196031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]],"date-time":"2009-01-26T10:51:04Z","timestamp":1232967064000},"page":"77-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inhibition of Mouse Alveolar Macrophage Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Acute in vivo and in vitro Exposure to Tobacco Smoke"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Higashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fukuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Matsuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Orimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]]},"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/196031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000196031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T21:27:07Z","timestamp":1777757227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000196031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000196031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]]}}}