{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:53:22Z","timestamp":1787316802802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with autoimmune thyroid, celiac, autoimmune gastric and Addison\u2019s disease. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of associated autoantibodies in relation to the demographic and \u03b2-cell autoantibody status (anti-GAD). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG IgA), parietal cells (APCA) and adrenal tissue (AAA) were measured in 144 children with T1DM with a mean \u00b1 SD age of 12.3 \u00b1 4.6 years and a diabetes duration of 4.6 \u00b1 3.8 years. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The prevalence of antibody positivity among our patients was: anti-GAD 53.2%, anti-thyroid (anti-TPO 17.4%, anti-Tg 11.1%); anti-tTG IgA 7.6%, APCA 4.0%, and AAA 0%. Among the children with positive anti-thyroid antibodies, 60% developed autoimmune thyroiditis, while among those anti-tTG IgA positive, 62.5% developed biopsy-confirmed celiac disease. Female gender was more frequent among anti-tTG IgA-positive patients (OR 4.47, p = 0.068), while increasing age was associated with anti-Tg positivity (OR 22.9, p = 0.041). The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies was associated with the presence of anti-GAD (OR 1.45, p = 0.01) and parietal cell antibodies (OR 4.98, p = 0.09). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; Among T1DM patients, the prevalence rates of anti-thyroid and parietal cell antibodies increased with age and diabetes duration. As the presence of anti-GAD was associated with gastric and thyroid autoimmunity, it could serve as marker for the development of additional autoimmunity in adolescents with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000201108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T06:05:48Z","timestamp":1236146748000},"page":"201-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Screening for Associated Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 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