{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:47:15Z","timestamp":1777866435025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four types of gastric carcinoids have been identified: (1) multiple small body-fundus carcinoids associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A (A-CAG); (2) sporadic solitary lesions without specific pathogenetic background (non-A-CAG); (3) carcinoidosis associated with Zollinger-Ellison\/MEN 1 syndrome, and (4) rare tumors, e.g. gastrin cell tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors. In a retrospective study of 15 patients with gastric carcinoids (11 A-CAG, 3 non-A-CAG and 1 gastrin cell tumor) over a 10-year period, the histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The A-CAG-type carcinoids were clinically silent with lymph node metastases m 2\/11 cases but no hepatic metastases. The non-A-CAG-type carcinoids were malignant with disseminated disease, hormonal symptoms and increased urinary excretion of the main histamine metabolite, MelmAA. Five patients with A-CAG tumors were subjected to antrectomy to remove hypergastrinemia, which is thought to be of pathogenetic importance for these tumors. During the observation period (1.5-8 years) 1 patient developed recurrent tumors, while the other 4 showed persistent argyrophil cell hyperplasia. A prospective treatment protocol of these tumors is suggested with endoscopic removal of less numerous, small lesions as first-step therapy, followed by antrectomy at recurrence. Larger lesions should be excised in combination with antrectomy-Gastrectomy is reserved for the rare cases of invasive tumors with lymph node metastases. As evident from the outcome of patients with non-A-CAG tumors radical surgery should be performed whenever practicable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000201206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T01:50:30Z","timestamp":1233971430000},"page":"77-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Clinical Management of Gastric Carcinoid Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Ahlman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f6lby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Olbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"W\u00e4ngberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Gran\u00e9rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Grimelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/201206","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000201206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:41:22Z","timestamp":1777538482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000201206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000201206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]}}}