{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:34:14Z","timestamp":1781624054142,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Common duct gallstones are mainly of the brown pigment type, which are usually attributed to bacterial factors. Bacterial \u03b2-glucuronidase most probably plays a role in the pathogenesis in many but not all patients. The role of other bacterial factors is more undecided. The aims of this study were to investigate a possible association between lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and choledocholithiasis, and to examine the interrelationship to \u03b2-glucuronidase. Common duct bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in 86 patients was assayed for LPS by a limulus amebocyte lysate test, and \u03b2-glucuronidase activity at pH 7.0 was measured. We found that both elevated concentration of LPS and the presence of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula were associated with common duct stones (p &lt; 0.01, both). Patients who had their common duct stones removed recently had a lower LPS concentration and a lower activity of \u03b2-glucuronidase than those who had a stone in situ (p &lt; 0.01 both), but still higher LPS concentration than those without choledocholithiasis at all (p &lt; 0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis, elevated LPS was the significant predictor of common duct stones (p &lt; 0.01), and not confounding with neither \u03b2-glucuronidase nor juxtapapillary diverticula. We conclude that gram-negative bacteria convey bacterial factors associated with choledocholithiasis, by mechanisms independent of, and additional to \u03b2-glucuronidase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000201480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T01:50:30Z","timestamp":1233971430000},"page":"437-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lipopolysaccharides and Beta-Glucuronidase Activity in Choledochal Bile in Relation to Choledocholithiasis"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Osnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Sandstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Skar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Osnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/201480","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000201480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:43:34Z","timestamp":1777538614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000201480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000201480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]}}}