{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:04:39Z","timestamp":1777745079540,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To understand the molecular mechanisms of erythroid differentiation, we analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR the expression of the transcription factor GATAl, the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), and erythroid (\u03b2-globin) differentiation markers in purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after in-vitro-induced differentiation. Whether GATAl transcription was from the proximal (with respect to the AUG, also known as erythroid) or the distal (also known as testis) promoter was analyzed as well. Low-density marrow cells which bind to wheat germ agglutinin, but not to the antibody 15.1.1, and which either do or do not retain the dye rhodamine-123 (Rho-bright and Rho-dull, respectively), were purified. Rho-dull, but not Rho-bright, cells permanently reconstitute lymphomyelopoiesis in W\/Wv and severe-combined-immunodeficiency mice and, therefore, contain HSCs. Both Rho-dull and Rho-bright cells give rise to progenitor and differentiated cells (peak values at days 15 and 5, respectively) in liquid culture. Multilineage, erythroid-restricted or myeloid-restricted differentiation is observed when the cultures are stimulated with stem cell factor (SCF) + interleukin (IL)-3, SCF + IL-3 + Epo, or SCF + IL-3 + granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, respectively. Rho-dull cells have barely detectable reconstitution potential at day 5 of culture. None of the genes examined were expressed in purified Rho-bright or Rho-dull cells. The only exception was GATAl which was expressed at maximal levels in Rho-bright cells at the onset of culture. Rho-dull cells did not express GATAl before day 3 of culture (maximal expression at days 10-15). Activation of GATAl and EpoR was observed in all growth factor combinations. There was a significant correlation between the amount of mRNA for the two genes expressed by the cells. In contrast, \u03b2-globin mRNA was detected only in the presence of Epo. The transcription of GATAl was exclusively from the proximal promoter in the absence of Epo but both proximal and distal transcripts were observed in its presence. Maximum transcription from the distal promoter (approximately equal to 0.2% of total GATAl mRNA) coincided with maximal globin mRNA levels (day 5 or day 15 for Rho-bright and Rho-dull cells, respectively). These results indicate that GATAl is activated at the transition point between HSCs and pluripotent progenitor cells and erythroid-specific GATAl regulation involves activation of the distal GATAl promoter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000203883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]],"date-time":"2009-02-18T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1234970083000},"page":"229-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Erythroid-Specific Activation of the Distal (Testis) Promoter of GATA1 during Differentiation of Purified Normal Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"AnnaRita","family":"Migliaccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Migliaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eishi","family":"Ashihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Giglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ottolenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/203883","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000203883","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:39:52Z","timestamp":1777462792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000203883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000203883","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]}}}