{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:22:55Z","timestamp":1777749775190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]],"date-time":"2009-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]],"date-time":"2009-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients who undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for advanced hematologic malignancies experience a high relapse rate. Therapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) \u00b1 lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has induced clinical responses in some patients with advanced malignant lymphoma (ML) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is postulated that IL-2 \u00b1 LAK cells represents a potentially non-cross-resistant therapeutic modality which might prevent or delay relapses if used as consolidative immunotherapy after ABMT, at a time of minimal residual disease. Therefore, we first studied the reconstitu-tion of IL-2-responsive LAK precursor cells after ABMT and found them in the circulation as early as 3 weeks after ABMT. A phase lb clinical trial was then performed which identified a tolerable IL-2 regimen which could be administered early after ABMT and which could induce immunomodulatory effects. We then initiated a clinical trial to determine the feasibility of generating and administering autologous LAK cells using this IL-2 regimen after ABMT for 16 patients with ML. The results show that IL-2 + LAK therapy early after ABMT is feasible but is more toxic than IL-2 alone. Patients with AML on the phase I IL-2 trial and with ML on the IL-2 + LAK protocol were evaluated for tumor status. Of 8 patients with AML in first relapse or at a later stage who underwent ABMT and received IL-2, 2 have relapsed, while 6 remain in complete remission 26+ to 40+ (median 28+) months after ABMT. Of 16 patients with ML considered at high risk for relapse who were treated with ABMT+IL-2+LAK, 5 have relapsed, while 11 remain in complete remission at 6+ to 21+ (median 10+) months after ABMT. The results in both trials are quite encouraging and appear to be better than those in nonrandomized historical controls at our institution. Prospectively randomized trials of IL-2 versus no IL-2 after ABMT in such patients are being initiated to assess definitively the effect, if any, on the relapse rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000204577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,20]],"date-time":"2009-02-20T14:45:47Z","timestamp":1235141147000},"page":"2-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["lnterleukin-2 \u00b1 Lymphocytes as Consolidative Immunotherapy after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Benyunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Massumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"Buckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JA.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]]},"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/204577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000204577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:53:17Z","timestamp":1777463597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000204577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000204577","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]]}}}