{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T21:05:49Z","timestamp":1777755949403,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease in which the median survival time varies from a few months to more than 10 years. Clinical, kinetic, and immunological studies reflected such a heterogeneity. In clinical studies \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-microglobulin (\u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-M), which is a well-known progno; tic factor, was evaluated as an expression of tumor burden: a linear increase has been observed from stage I to stage III. No clear cutoff was detected between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and stage I MM. Kinetic studies have been performed by 3[H]thymidine or 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation in bone marrow plasma cells. An analysis has been carried out between \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-M and the labeling index (LI). No correlation has been observed between these 2 parameters which identify different subgroups of poor prognosis patients. MGUS always showed an LI &lt; 1% allowing a clear distinction from stage I MM. A reduced survival time has been observed in patients with an LI &gt; 2%. A subgroup of MM patients characterized by an LI &gt; 2% and a decrease of M component &gt; 50% within 3 months (early responders) has been identified. These patients showed a median survival time of about 10 months. Immunological studies identified a sharp decrease of 5\u2019 nucleotidase (5\u2019NT) enzymatic activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. This enzymatic defect is the biochemical marker of the expansion of a T subpopulation expressing low levels of 5\u2019NT. This subpopulation was characterized by monoclonal antibodies and is represented by activated suppressor cells (OKM1+, DR+). Such an unbalancement in the T cell subpopulation was evident in poor prognosis patients. Clinical, kinetic and immunological studies identified new prognostic parameters that will be useful in the future therapeutic strategy of MM<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000205901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T09:37:40Z","timestamp":1235554660000},"page":"41-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytobiological Studies in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Pileri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Massaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Dianzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Omed\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boccadoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/205901","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000205901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:18:32Z","timestamp":1777465112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000205901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000205901","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]}}}