{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T01:04:39Z","timestamp":1775005479140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intervirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<i>Objective:<\/i> During the latency period of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), the virus can occasionally reactivate, travel back to the eye and cause recurrent ocular disease. As this condition arises from the ability of HSV-1 to produce a dormant infection, effective medication to prevent the virus enter a latent state should prevent it. In this study, we applied <i>Echinacea <\/i>polysaccharide (EP) fraction as prophylactic mediator for latency prevention. <i>Methods:<\/i> In order to investigate the protective properties of EP, we evaluated its immunostimulatory functions on different immune aspects that play important roles in latency prevention (particularly IFN-\u03b3 as one of the main indicators of cellular immunity and latency). Finally, we assessed establishment of latency by detection of thymidine kinase gene in trigeminal ganglia of BALB\/c mice. <i>Results:<\/i> We demonstrated that EP promotes immune response, leading to a reduced latency rate, and it has a promising effect on latency prevention. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> EP was able to exert an antiviral action on the development of recurrent HSV-1 disease when supplied prior to infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000212988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]],"date-time":"2009-04-16T15:28:57Z","timestamp":1239895737000},"page":"29-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Echinacea purpurea<\/i> Polysaccharide Reduces the Latency Rate in Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infections"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoorieh","family":"Soleimanjahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooria","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Arefian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Soudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuhair","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJVI.77.12.6692-6699.2003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.022301899"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086%2F313687"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00003226-200009000-00012"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248%2Fbpb.27.1004"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2F107555301300328115"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1567-5769%2803%2900114-0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0955-2863%2802%2900190-0"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.intimp.2005.10.005"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0192-0561%2893%2990078-D"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1567-5769%2802%2900076-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1574-695X.2005.00015.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2899%2900550-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.cimid.2007.01.002"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078%2F094471103321648692"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJVI.75.22.11178-11184.2001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.virol.2005.05.011"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0192-0561%2891%2990046-A"}],"container-title":["Intervirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/212988","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/212988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:08:08Z","timestamp":1745446088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000212988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000212988","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5526","1423-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5526","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}