{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:58:08Z","timestamp":1777946288382,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1240272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1240272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Haemostasis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutralization of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fraction by protamine sulfate was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities were measured by amidolytic and coagulation methods (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT). Fifteen patients (4 males and 11 females) underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. In vitro, anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities and APTT of unfractionated heparin were neutralized with a protamine\/heparin (P\/H) gravimetric ratio of 1.6, 1.33 and about 2, respectively. Anti-IIa activity and APTT induced by PK 10169 were completely corrected at a P\/H ratio of 1 and 2, respectively, while anti-Xa activity was incompletely neutralized at a ratio of 5. In vivo, in 9 patients who did not receive intravenous protamine sulfate, a good correlation was found between doses of PK 10169 infused, anti-IIa plasma level and blood loss. In 3 patients who were treated prophylactically with protamine, bleeding was normal or only slightly increased. In 3 patients who received protamine because of hemorrhage, mean anti-Xa and anti-IIa were 2.3 and 0.54 U before and 1.32\u20130.06 U after neutralization. Bleeding was stopped by a second dose of protamine in 1 patient, but blood loss was abnormal in the other patients. However, a correlation between bleeding and anti-Xa or anti-IIa activities was not clearly evident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000215283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,22]],"date-time":"2009-04-22T10:40:22Z","timestamp":1240396822000},"page":"139-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Partial Reversal of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (PK 10169) Anti-Xa Activity by Protamine Sulfate: In vitro and in vivo Study during Cardiac Surgery with Extracorporeal Circulation"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Massonnet-Castel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Pelissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Terrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Abry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Guibourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Jaulmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Samama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]]},"container-title":["Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/215283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000215283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:33:53Z","timestamp":1777739633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000215283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000215283","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0147","1423-0038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0147","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]]}}}