{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:00:50Z","timestamp":1779930050569,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intervirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<i>Objective:<\/i> In order to elucidate the implication of apoptosis in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from influenza virus-infected cells, the effects of a general caspase inhibitor, <i>N<\/i>-<i>t<\/i>-Boc-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Boc-D-fmk), on LDH leakage, apoptosis induction and virus proliferation were examined. <i>Methods:<\/i> Cultured human fetal membrane chorion and amnion cells were incubated with or without Boc-D-fmk after influenza virus infection. LDH leakage was estimated by measuring LDH activities in the culture supernatants and cell lysates. The extent of apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 protein cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Virus proliferation was determined by a plaque-forming assay. <i>Results:<\/i> While virus proliferation was observed in both chorion and amnion cells, the virus infection resulted in LDH leakage, caspase-3 protein cleavage, and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, all of which were observed only in the chorion cells and inhibited by the presence of Boc-D-fmk except for the virus proliferation. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> LDH level in amniotic fluid is known to be one of markers for predicting fetal membrane damage. Therefore, this study provides a possible diagnostic application of LDH level to predict the extent of tissue damage of fetal membranes via apoptosis induced by influenza virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000224644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,10]],"date-time":"2009-06-10T17:42:04Z","timestamp":1244655724000},"page":"164-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Lactate Dehydrogenase Leakage as a Marker for Apoptotic Cell Degradation Induced by Influenza Virus Infection in Human Fetal Membrane Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Noboru","family":"Uchide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Bessho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.1.5169.309"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9378%2803%2900857-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.216.6.1022"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM197408012910513"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248%2Fbpb.25.109"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.biocel.2006.05.014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fplac.2001.0776"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155%2FS106474490200008X"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0166-3542%2802%2900109-2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000085103"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F01443610600604432"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0301-2115%2802%2900264-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0166-0934%2894%2900103-N"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620%2Ftjem.177.315"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jcv.2004.01.004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2801%2900468-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099%2Fvir.0.80422-0"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Femboj%2Fcdg279"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.placenta.2005.06.004"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248%2Fbpb.25.239"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0166-0934%2802%2900143-X"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2F227680a0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.76.9.4350"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0092-8674%2894%2990188-0"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1208673"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.virol.2005.01.002"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0168-1702%2801%2900264-7"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0074-7696%2808%2962312-8"}],"container-title":["Intervirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/224644","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/224644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:45:52Z","timestamp":1745448352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000224644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000224644","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5526","1423-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5526","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}