{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:49:48Z","timestamp":1791308988727,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]],"date-time":"2009-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]],"date-time":"2009-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; In an era with increased maternal antibiotic use, patterns in early- and late-onset sepsis and antibiotic susceptibility may have changed. &lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt; To identify longitudinal trends in causative microorganisms for neonatal sepsis and analyze antibiotic susceptibility of all blood isolates of infants with sepsis. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Early- and late-onset sepsis cases from 29 years (1978\u20132006) were studied retrospectively, in five clusters of 5 years (period I\u2013V) and one cluster of 4 years (period VI), including antibiotic susceptibility profiles of blood isolates during the years 1999\u20132006. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The incidence of early-onset sepsis decreased (p &lt; 0.01) from 4% during period I (1978\u20131982) to 1.2% during period VI (2003\u20132006). 78% of the infants with group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis were premature during period I, compared to 47% during period VI (p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of early-onset Gram-negative infections remained low during all periods. The incidence of late-onset sepsis, predominantly caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) and &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;\/i&gt;, increased since period III from 7.1 to 13.9% in period VI (p &lt; 0.01). Infections due to fungi or yeasts were rare (incidence &lt;0.3%). The majority of CONS blood isolates were oxacillin-resistant, but vancomycin-susceptible. 95% of CONS blood isolates were susceptible for first-generation cephalosporins. Amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid-resistant &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;\/i&gt; were infrequent causes of infection. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The incidence of early-onset sepsis mainly caused by GBS decreased. In contrast, the incidence of late-onset sepsis, predominantly caused by CONS, increased significantly. The incidence of fungal and yeast infections remained low. The majority of CONS blood isolates were susceptible for first-generation cephalosporins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000226604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]],"date-time":"2009-07-02T09:21:19Z","timestamp":1246526479000},"page":"22-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Long-Term Trends in the Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Causative Agents"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Agnes","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo J.","family":"Gerards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata A.","family":"Verboon-Maciolek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Fleer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tannette G.","family":"Krediet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.102.2.e18"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2896%2970192-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2896%2970191-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.110.2.285"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.111.3.519"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199807000-00004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199011000-00009"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fadc.56.10.775"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9378%2898%2970182-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.inf.0000168749.82105.64"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2803%2900577-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-200404000-00004"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.inf.0000111212.94913.5f"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199801000-00004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199802000-00011"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.jp.7210660"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fjhin.2001.0984"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.110.4.e42"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fadc.76.1.57"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086%2F499165"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199508000-00013"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-200112000-00005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00006454-199708000-00003"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.42.3.992-995.2004"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.103.3.e29"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.106.6.1387"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/226604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/226604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T23:06:41Z","timestamp":1745449601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000226604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000226604","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]]}}}