{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:11:20Z","timestamp":1791821480957,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Gas chromatographic documentation of volatile sulfur compounds in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> cultures and the amelioration of halitosis after eradication suggested a causal link between <i>H. pylori<\/i> infection and halitosis. <i>Aim:<\/i> We hypothesized that Korea red ginseng can relieve <i>H. pylori<\/i>-associated halitosis based on their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions in <i>H. pylori<\/i>-associated gastritis. <i>Methods:<\/i> Eighty-eight functional dyspepsia patients presenting with either subjective halitosis or objective halimeter levels >100 ppb were recruited, on whom tests were repeated after 10 weeks of red ginseng administration. The expressions of cystathionine \u03b3-lyase (CSE), cystathionine \u03b2-synthetase (CBS), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA were compared in <i>H. pylori<\/i>-infected or NaHS-treated gastric epithelial cells according to red ginseng treatment. <i>Results:<\/i> After 10 weeks of red ginseng administration, 38 patients out of 68 <i>H. pylori<\/i>-positive cases became \u2018free of halitosis\u2019 accompanied with halimeter levels <50 ppb accordant with the subjective resolution of halitosis. Among the remaining 30 patients, 15 cases administered with both eradication regimen and red ginseng supplement showed either higher eradication rates (93.3%) or were found to be completely free of halitosis in comparison to the other 15 patients who were only administered the eradication regimen. Among 20 <i>H. pylori<\/i>-negative patients, 13 patients became \u2018free of halitosis\u2019 with 10 weeks of red ginseng treatment alone. Red ginseng extracts significantly decreased <i>H. pylori<\/i>- or NaHS-induced CSE expressions concomitant with attenuated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> The strategy consisting of Korea red ginseng supplementation after the successful eradication of <i>H. pylori<\/i> could be an effective way to fight troublesome halitosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000229997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]],"date-time":"2009-09-16T16:41:14Z","timestamp":1253119274000},"page":"192-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Korea Red Ginseng on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Halitosis: Newer Therapeutic Strategy and a Plausible Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jeong Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang An","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Sik","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Baik","family":"Hahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.38954.631968.AE"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1601-0825.2006.01248.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00004836-200605000-00011"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00004836-199210000-00013"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1026619831442"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000098364"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10620-005-2763-x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10620-006-9440-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1440-1746.2006.04196.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1582-4934.2007.00024.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0953-6205%2802%2900206-6"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2006.08.035"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0706014"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1523-5378.2005.00322.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1601-0825.2006.01341.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.tripleo.2006.08.023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099%2Fjmm.0.46118-0"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.otohns.2005.09.036"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532%2FIJH97.06180"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00535-006-1990-z"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/229997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/229997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T21:59:30Z","timestamp":1745445570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000229997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000229997","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-2823","1421-9867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-2823","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}