{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:19:17Z","timestamp":1777900757472,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Appl Imm"],"abstract":"The consumption of alpha-2-macroglobulin (a<sub>2<\/sub>M) by proteinases in synovial fluids (SF) was indirectly measured by determining trypsin binding to solid-phase immunoadsorbed SF-a<sub>2<\/sub>M. In addition immune complexes (IC) were assessed by the solid-phase C1q-binding assay as well as the solid-phase conglutinin binding assay in rheumatoid (RA; n = 25) and osteoarthritic (OA; n = 9) SF. Elevated levels were found as follows: a<sub>2<\/sub>M \u00b7 proteinase complexes (a<sub>2<\/sub>M P) in 73.5% (RA, n = 20; OA, n = 5), solid-phase C1q-binding IC (C1q-IC) in 52% (13 out of 25 RA-SF) and bovine conglutinin binding IC (KgB-IC) in 54% (13 out of 24 RA-SF). All OA-SF were in either IC assay negative. Consumption of a<sub>2<\/sub>M in OA-SF and seronegative RA-SF was not more than 15% of total SF-a<sub>2<\/sub>M, showing a mean value of 19.5 and 13.5 \u03bcg a<sub>2<\/sub>M P\/ml SF. Seropositive RA-SF had an a<sub>2<\/sub>M P mean value of 96.4 \u03bcg\/ml SF, which differed significantly (p \u2264 0.05) from the former two groups. Similarly, RA-SF which were negative in either IC assay had a low a<sub>2<\/sub>M \u00b7 P mean value (20.0 \u03bcg\/ml SF). This contrasted sharply with the a<sub>2<\/sub>M P \u00b7 means obtained in IC-positive RA-SF, which amounted to 131.5 \u03bcg a<sub>2<\/sub>M P\/ml SF in C1q-IC positive RA-SF and to 110.4 \u03bcg a<sub>2<\/sub>M \u00b7 P\/ml SF in KgB-IC positive RA-SF, respectively. These values differed significantly (p\u22640.0005) from the a<sub>2<\/sub>M \u00b7 P mean in IC-negative RA-SF. The presence of IC in the synovial compartment may directly or indirectly enhance liberation of an array of proteinases as reflected by the augmented consumption of the multifunctional proteinase inhibitor a<sub>2<\/sub>M.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000233596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T05:41:56Z","timestamp":1249450916000},"page":"92-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of C1q- and Conglutinin-Binding Immune Complexes with High Consumption of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Synovial Fluids of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Borth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes E.","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/233596","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000233596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:40:41Z","timestamp":1777632041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000233596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000233596","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-5915","2571-6662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-5915","type":"print"},{"value":"2571-6662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]}}}