{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:20:15Z","timestamp":1777900815348,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Appl Imm"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of two calmodulin inhibitors, 1-[bis(p-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[2,4-dichloro-\u03b2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl]imidazolinium chloride (R 24571) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on antigen-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle was studied. Ketotifen, an anti-allergic compound, was used as a comparative drug. Contraction of sensitized guinea-pig trachea induced by antigen challenge was reduced by all three agents. The two calmodulin inhibitors effected relaxation of contraction of guinea-pig trachea induced by histamine and leukotriene D&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; (LTD&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;). Ketotifen relaxed histamine-induced contraction, but hardly affected LTD&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-induced tone. Contrary to chemical mediator induced tone, all examined agents had no effect on resting tone. These three agents shifted histamine- and LTD&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-induced concentration-contraction curves to the right. They produced a downward displacement of the maximum, without a parallel shift in histamine- and LTD&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-induced concentration-contraction curves. The two calmodulin inhibitors did not affect the antigen-induced release of histamine and SRS-A from sensitized guinea-pig lung tissue. Ketotifen slightly inhibited the release of histamine. These results suggest that R 24571 and CPZ, calmodulin inhibitors, reduced an antigen-induced contraction of sensitized guinea-pig trachea in vitro mainly by affecting the contractility of tracheal smooth muscle by chemical mediators but not by interfering with the release of mediators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000233700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T05:41:56Z","timestamp":1249450916000},"page":"251-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reduction of Antigen-Induced Contraction of Sensitized Guinea-Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle in vitro by Calmodulin Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Hiroichi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouichi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihide","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/233700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000233700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1777632141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000233700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000233700","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-5915","2571-6662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-5915","type":"print"},{"value":"2571-6662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]]}}}