{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:28:13Z","timestamp":1777901293111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Appl Imm"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the most common cause of food poisoning, is capable of stimulating human T lymphocyte proliferation at concentrations as low as 10\u2013\u201313 to 10\u2013\u201316M. SEA also induces the lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL 2) and interferon gamma (IFN\u03b3) at similarly low concentrations. HPL cultures were stimulated with SEA in the presence of antibodies to IL 2 to determine the possible role of this lymphokine in its potent mitogenic effects. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to human IL 2 blocked SEA-induced mitogenesis. Treatment of cultures with higher concentrations of SEA overcame the anti-IL 2 blockage, corresponding to induction of higher concentrations of IL 2. Blockage of HPL mitogenesis by anti-IL 2 antibodies also resulted in inhibition of IFN\u03b3 production, which is dependent on IL 2. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IFN\u03b3 failed to block SEA-induced proliferation. The data indicate that the induction of IL 2, but not IFN\u03b3, is a requirement for SEA induced lymphocyte proliferation. SEA food poisoning and IL 2 therapy for cancer result in similar toxic symptoms, characterized by malaise, fever, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea. The similarity between SEA and IL 2 toxic effects, the fact that SEA is a potent inducer of lymphokines such as IL 2, and the fact that IL 2 induction is a prerequisite for the mitogenic effects of SEA raises the intriguing question of the role of lymphokines such as IL 2 in SEA-induced food poisoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000234654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]],"date-time":"2009-08-07T09:46:18Z","timestamp":1249638378000},"page":"87-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Potent Mitogenic Activity of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Requires Induction of Interleukin 2"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Howard M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold I.","family":"Magazine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/234654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000234654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:57:30Z","timestamp":1777633050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000234654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000234654","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-5915","2571-6662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-5915","type":"print"},{"value":"2571-6662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]}}}