{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:28:23Z","timestamp":1777901303965,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Appl Imm"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty-six intravenous drug users were studied for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunophenotypes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serological profiles. This population has a high risk for developing HIV infection. Half (18\/36) were HIV antibody (Ab) negative (\u2013\u2013) and half were positive (+). Total T lymphocytes (CD3+ and CD2+) were not different between HIV Ab-negative and HIV-positive groups. Unactivated T(CD3 + DR\u2013\u2013) cells\/mm3 were less (p = 0.003) in HIV Ab-positive patients (1,467 \u00b1 628) compared to HIV Ab-negative patients (2,190 \u00b1 695). T-helper (CD4+) cells\/mm3 were also less in HIV Ab-positive patients (762 \u00b1 344 vs. 1,161 \u00b1 419, p = 0.005). The most significant difference was in activated T lymphocyte (CD3 + DR+) percentages where the mean was 9.6% in those HIV Ab-positive compared to 3.8% in seronegatives (p &lt; 0.001). Preliminary studies showed that in vitro naloxone treatment of PBMC had no effects on immunophenotypic expression except for CD3 + DR+ lymphocytes, where a significant reduction was observed in the HIV Ab-positive group (p = 0.022) but not in the HIV ab-negative group. These findings suggest that in certain populations, activated T cells may be an early manifestation of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000234683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]],"date-time":"2009-08-12T09:53:17Z","timestamp":1250070797000},"page":"263-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["T Cell Immunophenotypes and DR Antigen Expression in Intravenous Drug Users"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Robert Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Nygren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay E.","family":"Valinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold E.","family":"Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/234683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000234683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:57:52Z","timestamp":1777633072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000234683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000234683","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-5915","2571-6662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-5915","type":"print"},{"value":"2571-6662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]}}}