{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:36:26Z","timestamp":1781483786956,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<i>Objectives:<\/i> To determine the prevalence of habitual snoring (HS) and its association with both day- and nighttime symptoms, school performance and behavioral disturbances in a sample of primary school children. <i>Subjects and Methods:<\/i> A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,605 children (819 boys and 786 girls) aged 7\u201313 years from 9 randomly selected primary schools located within the city limits of Isparta, Turkey. HS and sleep problems were assessed using a 55-item multiple-choice questionnaire. <i>Results:<\/i> Of the 1,605 questionnaires, 1,164 were fully completed and returned, giving a response rate of 72.5%. The overall prevalence of snoring was 38.9%, while HS accounted for 3.5%. The prevalence of HS among boys (25, 3.0%) was higher than among girls (16, 2.0%; \u03c7<sup>2<\/sup> for trend: p < 0.001, OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01\u20133.66). There was an association between younger age and HS, as children aged 7\u20138 years had the highest prevalence (\u03c7<sup>2<\/sup> for trend: 0.054, OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.81\u20134.22). Habitual snorers had more daytime and nighttime symptoms. Allergic symptoms, daytime mouth breathing, shaking the child for apnea, restless sleep and hyperactivity were significant and independent risk factors and sleep-related symptoms for HS. A significant and independent association was found between poor school performance and hyperactivity, nocturnal enuresis, tooth grinding and low parental\/maternal education in multivariate analysis. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> Children with HS were more likely to have sleep-related daytime and nighttime symptoms. No significant associ- ation was determined between HS and poor school performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000235895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1254477717000},"page":"458-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Habitual Snoring in Primary School Children: Prevalence and Association with Sleep-Related Disorders and School Performance"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Unal","family":"Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onder","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necla","family":"Songur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Bircan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.126.1.19"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1389-9457%2899%2900005-2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0025-5564%2800%2900062-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.106.5.e64"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.120.6.1930"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.108.5.1149"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.128.3.1315"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.1112"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.108.3.610"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2882%2980231-X"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2884%2980348-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.110.6.e74"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.299.6714.1491"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.20207"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.20179"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.124.1.196"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2869.2007.00560.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.20002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1465-9921-5-19"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.124.2.587"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.1950130412"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F00016489709124119"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fppul.1950130106"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.200212-1397OC"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542%2Fpeds.102.3.616"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fadc.68.3.360"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1467-8624.00414"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/235895","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/235895","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:10:04Z","timestamp":1745446204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000235895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000235895","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}