{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:47:11Z","timestamp":1777484831612,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Endogenous internal controls (\u2018reference\u2019 or \u2018housekeeping\u2019 genes) are widely used in real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. Their use relies on the premise of consistently stable expression across studied experimental conditions. Unfortunately, none of these controls fulfills this premise across a wide range of experimental conditions; consequently, none of them can be recommended for universal use. <i>Methods:<\/i> To determine which endogenous RT-PCR controls are suitable for analyses of renal tissues altered by kidney disease, we studied the expression of 16 commonly used \u2018reference genes\u2019 in 7 mildly and 7 severely affected whole kidney tissues from a well-characterized cystic kidney disease model. Expression levels of these 16 genes, determined by TaqMan\u00ae RT-PCR analyses and Affymetrix GeneChip\u00ae arrays, were normalized and tested for overall variance and equivalence of the means. <i>Results:<\/i> Both statistical approaches and both TaqMan- and GeneChip-based methods converged on 3 out of the 4 top-ranked genes (<i>Ppia<\/i>, <i>Gapdh<\/i> and <i>Pgk1<\/i>) that had the most constant expression levels across the studied phenotypes. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> A combination of the top-ranked genes will provide a suitable endogenous internal control for similar studies of kidney tissues across a wide range of disease severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000235993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]],"date-time":"2009-08-31T15:10:26Z","timestamp":1251731426000},"page":"413-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Validation of Endogenous Internal Real-Time PCR Controls in Renal Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiangqin","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Mrug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.gene.6364190"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fabio.2001.5570"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2Fgb-2004-5-8-r59"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2229-4-14"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-04-0496"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ab.2004.08.024"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2199-8-62"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jbbm.2007.08.005"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2Fgb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000019559.84305.47"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2003.00074.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.ki.5002627"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2004121083"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF01068419"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1523-1755.2004.607_7.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0165-022X%2800%2900129-9"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fmcpr.2001.0376"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/235993","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/235993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:11:24Z","timestamp":1745446284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000235993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000235993","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5120821","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-8095","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}