{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:21:32Z","timestamp":1777767692935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]],"date-time":"2009-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]],"date-time":"2009-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recently developed antifungal agents itraconazole and fluconazole have been evaluated for primary and maintenance therapy for mycoses in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in comparative and non-comparative trials. In oropharyngeal candidosis, ketoconazole may have to be given at a dose of 400 mg\/day for comparable efficacy with fluconazole, 50 mg\/day, because many patients with AIDS lack the gastric acid secretion necessary for drug absorption. Relapse rates were high. Itraconazole, 200 mg\/day for 4 weeks, was as effective as ketoconazole, 400 mg\/day, in achieving clinical remission and was better tolerated, but relapse rates were also high. An oral formulation of itraconazole in cyclodextrin has given clinical and mycological remissions in 39\/39 patients after 7 days of treatment. In primary treatment of cryptococcosis, fluconazole is well tolerated, but is effective in only 50% of patients. Pilot studies of itraconazole, 200-400 mg\/day, gave responses in 11\/12 patients, of whom 8 had meningitis. Itraconazole combined with flucytosine gave a response in 12\/13 patients, of whom 9 had meningitis. This combination shortened the time to cure. Both itraconazole and fluconazole are effective as maintenance therapy given after successful primary therapy of cryptococcosis. Itraconazole, 200 mg\/day, was successful in preventing relapse in 34\/39 patients over a mean 12-month period. The serum antigen titre fell progressively in 14, and fell to zero in 18 patients. Limited non-comparative trials suggest that triazoles are effective in coccidioidomycosis, and in particular that itraconazole is active against histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS; 8\/9 patients with histoplasmosis responded to itraconazole, 400 mg\/day, with a mean follow-up of 1 year. Itraconazole also represents an advance in the management of disseminated sporotrichosis and penicilliosis in patients with AIDS, because of its broad spectrum of activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000239051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T09:12:33Z","timestamp":1252660353000},"page":"35-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"M.A.","family":"Viviani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/239051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000239051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:43:24Z","timestamp":1777477404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000239051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000239051","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3157","1421-9794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-3157","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]}}}