{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:02:07Z","timestamp":1783738927860,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rifabutin is a lipophilic antibacterial with high in vitro activity against many pathogens involved in bacterial meningitis including pneumococci. Resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in pneumococci is not associated with a decreased sensitivity to rifabutin (30 strains from Germany with intermediate penicillin resistance; MIC range of penicillin: 0.125-1 mg\/l, MIC of rifabutin: &lt; 0.008-0.015 mg\/l). Rifabutin at doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg\/kg\/h i.v. was investigated in a rabbit model of meningitis using a Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (MIC\/MBC of rifabutin: 0.015\/ 0.06 mg\/l). The bacterial density in CSF at the onset of treatment was 7.3 \u00b1 0.6 log CFU\/ml (mean \u00b1 SD). Rifabutin decreased bacterial CSF titers in a dose-dependent manner [\u03b4log CFU\/ml\/h (slope of the regression line log CFU\/ml vs. time) at a dose of 0.625 mg\/kg\/h: -0.16 \u00b1 0.06 (n = 3), at 1.25 mg\/kg\/h: -0.20 \u00b1 0.12 (n = 4), at 2.5 mg\/kg\/h: -0.24 \u00b1 0.04 (n = 4), at 5 mg\/kg\/h: -0.31 \u00b1 0.10 (n = 8), and at 10 mg\/kg\/h: -0.29 \u00b1 0.10 (n = 5)]. At high doses rifabutin was as active as ceftriaxone at 10 mg\/kg\/h (\u03b4log CFU\/ml\/h: -0.29 \u00b1 0.10, n = 10). Two and 5 h after initiation of therapy, CSF TNF-\u03b1 activities were lower with rifabutin 5 mg\/kg\/h than with ceftriaxone (medians 2 vs. 141 U\/ml, p = 0.005 at 2 h; median 51 vs. 120 U\/ml 5 h after initiation of therapy, p = 0.04). This did not result, however, in a decrease of indicators of neuronal damage. In conclusion, intravenous rifabutin was bactericidal in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Provided that a well-tolerated i.v. formulation will be available it may qualify as a reserve antibiotic for pneumococcal meningitis, in particular when strains with a reduced sensitivity to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics are the causative pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000239577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T09:12:33Z","timestamp":1252660353000},"page":"264-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Rifabutin for Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zysk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.R.","family":"Reinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Br\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stringaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Stuertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.-J.","family":"Schaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Weinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Nau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]},"container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/239577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000239577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:47:04Z","timestamp":1777477624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000239577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000239577","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3157","1421-9794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-3157","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]}}}