{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:26:30Z","timestamp":1772270790970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;\/i&gt;Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) are pleiotropic molecules with widespread action in autoimmune diseases. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt; This study characterizes the distribution of iNOS and TNF-\u03b1 in the spinal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve of Lewis rats during experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Macrophages and neutrophils were identified by immunofluorescence as cellular sources of iNOS and TNF-\u03b1 at various stages of EAN induced by synthetic peptide 26. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; As the disease progressed, iNOS- and TNF-\u03b1-bearing cells gradually infiltrated the cauda equina, dorsal root ganglia, Th12\u2013L3 spinal roots, and the sciatic nerve. A severer EAN profile developed when more iNOS- and TNF-\u03b1-bearing cells were present, and the recovery from EAN was related to the disappearance of these cells and the regeneration of nerve fibers. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; This is the first report to show iNOS- and TNF-\u03b1-immunoreactive cells in dorsal root ganglia during EAN, suggesting an underlying pathology for the neuropathic pain behavior in EAN. Our results suggest that the cells bearing iNOS and TNF-\u03b1 in the different parts of the peripheral nervous system are involved in the development of the clinical signs observed at each stage of EAN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000243086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,3]],"date-time":"2009-10-03T04:00:03Z","timestamp":1254542403000},"page":"56-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Distribution of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in the Peripheral Nervous System of Lewis Rats during Ascending Paresis and Spontaneous Recovery from Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cristiane L.R.","family":"De La Hoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiano R.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonilda 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