{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:35:05Z","timestamp":1777926905272,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Neonate"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Positive pressure ventilation, using high inspiratory pressures, often causes lung damage. When associated with hypocapnia, it can produce severe focal alveolar alkalosis and can cause damage in areas of low blood flow. A vein-to-vein extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) system was used to control blood gases independently of mechanical ventilation in 12 healthy newborn lambs. After connection to the ECMO system, ventilation was started with a peak inspiratory pressure of 35 cm H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O; the ventilator rate was 40\/min with I:E = 1.5 and FiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; = 1.0. In 6 of the 12 lambs sweep gases through the silicone membrane were regulated to assure arterial normocapnia. The other 6 were ventilated with the same settings and perfused with the same pump flow, but PaCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; was allowed to fall to hypocapnic levels. The lambs were ventilated for 4h. Average pH and PaCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; were 7.62 \u00b1 0.14 and 2.11 \u00b1 0.54 kPa, respectively, in the hypocapnic group and 7.39 \u00b1 0.11 and 4.79 \u00b1 0.51 kPa in the normocapnic group. After sacrificing the lambs, the lungs were inspected macroscopically and microscopically by computer-assisted morphometry to assess atelectasis and lung edema. Macroscopically there were no hemorrhages, barotrauma or widespread atelectasis of the lungs in either group. The thickness of interlobular lung septa in the right upper lobe was 32.5 \u00b1 18.0 \u03bcm for the hypocapnic group and 29.7 \u00b1 12.5 \u03bcm for the normocapnic group. The parenchymal-alveolar area ratio in the right upper lobe was 28.4 \u00b1 5.04 and 24.6 \u00b1 3.75% in the hypocapnic and normocapnic groups, respectively. Hypocapnia and mechanical stress for 4 h in initially healthy lungs did not produce alveolar epithelial damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000243997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T06:01:57Z","timestamp":1254463317000},"page":"254-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Hypocapnia and Mechanical Pulmonary Stress on Lung Tissue in Newborn Lambs"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"W.A.A.","family":"Kl\u00f6pping-Ketelaars","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Havenith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.J.","family":"Maertzdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.M.","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.E.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]},"container-title":["Biology of the Neonate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/243997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000243997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:28:31Z","timestamp":1777674511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000243997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000243997","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3126","1421-9727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3126","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]}}}