{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:37:04Z","timestamp":1777927024297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Neonate"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Advances in obstetrical and neonatal care have achieved dramatic reductions in the mortality of extremely low birth weight infants, but concerns regarding the long-term neurodevelopmental prognosis have increased. The study was performed to assess the physical and neurodevelopmental status of premature infants weighing &lt; 1,000 g at birth who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: A follow-up study including school level, physical and developmental examination and\/or interviews of parents, pediatricians, teachers and social workers was carried out from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1991, on 176 subjects who had been AGA premature neonates weighing &lt; 1,000 g and were admitted to the Port Royal Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Eighty-nine survived (50 girls, 39 boys). Five children were lost to follow-up after 3 years of age. Neurological sequelae, developmental and\/or intellectual quotients, school level and results, vision, hearing, language, weight, height, and behavior were evaluated. Results: At the last evaluation, 37% of children were completely normal (24% had always been normal); 52% were normal in the 4th year of life, decreasing to 31% in the 8th year. Minor disabilities increased from 31% in the 4th year to 53% in the 8th year. Moderate disabilities ranged yearly between 8 and 14%. Five children had major handicaps diagnosed before 3 years of age (4 cerebral palsies following severe neonatal brain lesions and 1 severe retardation with renal dwarfism). No difference was found between children with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Twelve children (14%) had hearing loss (3 deafness) and 27 (32%) had visual deficits (no blindness). Nursery school begins at 3 for French children: 86% of the followed survivors were at nursery school at 3 years of age, 74% of 6-year-olds were in the first grade, primary school, and 50% of 7-year-olds were in second grade. Half the children with high socioeconomic\/cultural risks had some school difficulties. Similar results were collected from various cross-sectional studies in the recent literature. Conclusions: While 20% of the children had moderate to severe disabilities, an increasing number of minor deficiencies appeared with age. Socioeconomic\/cultural factors had a deleterious effect even in structurally normal children, but they had an even worse effect in children with minor deficiencies, owing largely to the frequent lack of proper management at home.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000244384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T05:47:33Z","timestamp":1254462453000},"page":"328-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mid- and Long-Term Outcome of 89 Premature Infants Weighing Less than 1,000 g at Birth, All Appropriate for Gestational Age"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Monset-Couchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"de Bethmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kastler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]},"container-title":["Biology of the Neonate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/244384","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000244384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:32:48Z","timestamp":1777674768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000244384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000244384","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3126","1421-9727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3126","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]]}}}