{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:52:03Z","timestamp":1777866723744,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Photo-induced eruptions are well-known adverse effects of some neuroleptic drugs, particularly chlorpromazine. Objective: By a photohemolysis test we assessed in vitro the phototoxic properties of 12 phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, dixyrazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, perazine, perphenazine, promazine, promethazine, prothipendyl, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine) and 5 thioxanthenes (chlorprothixene, clopenthixol, flupenthixol, thiothixene, zuclopenthixol). Methods: Human erythrocytes from 3 donors were incubated with the compounds and irradiated with light sources rich in UVA or UVB, respectively. Doses were up to 100 J\/cm2 UVA or up to 1,600 mJ\/cm2 UVB. Photo-induced hemolysis was calculated as percentage of complete hemolysis. Results: Photo-induced hemolysis &gt; 10% due to radiation rich in UVA was found with chlorpromazine (maximal median: 98%), dixyrazine (100%), fluphenazine (84%), perazine (100%), perphenazine (100%), promazine (16%), promethazine (25%), prothipendyl (96%), trifluoperazine (100%), triflupromazine (76%), chlorprothixene (100%) and thiothixene (31%). UVB-rich radiation induced hemolysis only with chlorpromazine (73%), dixyrazine (45%) and perazine (60%). Conclusion: Most neuroleptics are strongly phototoxic in vitro indicating a potential risk for photo-induced reactions also to occur in patients treated with these drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000246080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]],"date-time":"2009-10-07T07:08:20Z","timestamp":1254899300000},"page":"131-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Phototoxic Properties of Neuroleptic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Eberlein-K\u00f6nig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Przybilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]]},"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/246080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000246080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:13:24Z","timestamp":1777540404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000246080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000246080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]]}}}