{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T07:11:56Z","timestamp":1781680316219,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Phoniatr Logop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Impact stress (IS) has been regarded as the main loading factor in voice production. To quantify the cost of voice production, an output-cost ratio (OCR) was proposed, which concerns acoustic output (pressure P) in relation to IS: OCR = 20 log P&lt;sub&gt;sup&lt;\/sub&gt;\/P&amp;#8320; \u2013 20 log IS\/IS&amp;#8320; [1,2]. IS is difficult to measure directly in humans. However, it has been found to correlate with closed quotient (CQ, closed time\/period length) measured by electroglottogram (CQ&lt;sub&gt;EGG&lt;\/sub&gt;) [3]. The present study proposes a noninvasive estimate of OCR, the quasi-output-cost ratio (QOCR): (sound pressure level (SPL)\/CQ&lt;sub&gt;EGG&lt;\/sub&gt;) \u00d7 (period length (T)\/T&amp;#8320;). T&amp;#8320; is set at 0.005 for females and 0.01 for males, corresponding to the respective period lengths of the mean F&amp;#8320; in female and male speech (i.e. 200 and 100 Hz). QOCR was tested for 62 healthy females (23 teachers, 18 university students with voice training and 21 without). The teachers had a higher QOCR than the students in loud speech, but QOCR did not correlate with symptoms of vocal fatigue after a vocal loading test. QOCR seems to be a promising tool to quantify vocal loading but naturally not vocal loadedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000252847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,28]],"date-time":"2009-10-28T07:46:39Z","timestamp":1256715999000},"page":"316-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Electroglottogram-Based Estimation of Vocal Economy: \u2018Quasi-Output-Cost Ratio\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Anne-Maria","family":"Laukkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elinita","family":"M\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsti","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044%2F1092-4388%282001%2F003%29"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2898%2980050-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2805%2980302-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2805%2980305-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2899%2980022-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000263988"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2805%2980076-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2898%2980021-0"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000133651"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121%2F1.388046"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2897%2980077-X"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jvoice.2006.12.008"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000261956"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000265888"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000118510"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2805%2980179-1"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2899%2980036-8"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2899%2980004-6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000081081"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2801%2900005-4"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2805%2980144-4"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0892-1997%2899%2980035-6"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0167-6393%2899%2900020-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000063410"}],"container-title":["Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/252847","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/252847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T21:01:45Z","timestamp":1745442105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000252847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000252847","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7762","1421-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7762","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}