{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T09:36:58Z","timestamp":1793612218426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i>Early classification of ischemic stroke subtype is important for secondary stroke prevention and may guide further investigations. <i>Methods:<\/i> Levels of coagulation activation [fibrinopeptide A (FPA), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)] and fibrinolysis activation [plasmin-\u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-antiplasmin complex (PAP), D-dimers] markers were measured in 98 consecutive patients with a first-ever acute ischemic stroke admitted within 12 h after symptom onset. <i>Results:<\/i> Median age was 67 years and 44% were women. Median time from symptom onset to blood sampling was 4 h. Stroke subtype was classified as \u2018cardioembolic\u2019 (54%), \u2018large-artery atherosclerosis\u2019 (11%), \u2018small-vessel disease\u2019 (5%), \u2018other determined\u2019 (9%) or \u2018undetermined etiology\u2019 (20%). Patients with cardioembolic stroke suffered more often from coronary artery disease than patients with other stroke etiologies (40 vs. 22%, p = 0.019). There were no differences in age, sex, stroke severity, time to blood sampling, frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or current smoking. D-dimers (medians) were higher in patients with cardioembolic strokes than in those with other etiologies (615 vs. 322 \u03bcg\/l, p < 0.001). No differences in F1+2, FPA, TAT or PAP levels were found. After multivariate analysis, higher D-dimer levels remained independently associated with cardioembolic stroke (p = 0.022). When measured within 6 h, D-dimers below 300 \u03bcg\/l excluded cardioembolic stroke with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 52%. <i>Conclusions: <\/i>Low D-dimer levels in the first few hours make a cardioembolic stroke unlikely, and may be useful to guide further investigations. Other coagulation markers were not useful in differentiating between different stroke etiologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000256652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T15:03:59Z","timestamp":1257865439000},"page":"82-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["D-Dimers Predict Stroke Subtype when Assessed Early"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Isenegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklaus","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"L\u00e4mmle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Alberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krassen","family":"Nedeltchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Gralla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich P.","family":"Mattle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000203964"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.0000126890.63512.41"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0049-3848%2800%2900380-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000016039"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0049-3848%2899%2900097-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-510X%2800%2900435-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.23.2.194"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jocn.2004.06.013"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055%2Fs-2007-996132"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00001721-199306000-00014"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.0000209240.63821.1a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchinte.162.22.2589"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.22.1.12"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.107.505354"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.20.7.864"}],"container-title":["Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/256652","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/256652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T21:07:24Z","timestamp":1745442444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000256652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000256652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-9770","1421-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9770","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]]}}}