{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T04:00:43Z","timestamp":1772510443980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has gained wide popularity as a first-line treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus (OHC). We have been performing ETV since 1998. We report our experience with this technique in the management of OHC. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Between 1998 and 2007, we performed 49 ETV procedures in 46 patients suffering from OHC. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Success was defined as shunt-free survival. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; There were 29 males and 17 females with a mean age of 23 years (6 months\u201365 years). Aqueductal stenosis and tectal tumor were the most common etiologies (63%). Seven patients (15.6%) had early ETV failure. Of 38 patients with initial success and available follow-up, shunt independence was achieved in 29 patients (76.3%) after a mean follow-up of 37 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis yielded a 70% 5-year shunt-free survival rate. On multivariate analysis, no variables could predict early or late ETV failure. Transient complications occurred in 6 patients (13%), but there were no ETV-related deaths or permanent morbidity. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; ETV is a safe and effective treatment for OHC, resulting in a high rate of long-term shunt independence with a low risk of complications. ETV should be considered the treatment of choice for patients with OHC and its development as a substitute to shunt placement should be encouraged in neurosurgically developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000257525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T15:03:59Z","timestamp":1257865439000},"page":"361-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: The Lebanese Experience"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ralph","family":"Rahme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudy 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