{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:10:20Z","timestamp":1790424620557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurodegener Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;Several clinical studies on chronic stroke conducted with end-effector-based robots showed improvement of the motor function in the affected arm. Compared to end-effector-based robots, exoskeleton robots provide improved guidance of the human limb and are better suited to train task-oriented movements with a large range of motions. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt; To test whether intensive arm training with the arm exoskeleton ARMin I is feasible with chronic-stroke patients and whether it improves motor function in the paretic arm. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Three single cases with chronic hemiparesis resulting from unilateral stroke (at least 14 months after stroke). A-B design with 2 weeks of multiple baseline measurements (A), 8 weeks of training (B) with repetitive measurements and a follow-up measurement 8 weeks after training. The training included shoulder and elbow movements with the robotic rehabilitation device ARMin I. Two subjects had three 1-hour sessions per week and 1 subject received five 1-hour sessions per week. The main outcome measurement was the upper-limb part of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;The ARMin training was well tolerated by the patients, and the FMA showed moderate, but significant improvements for all 3 subjects (p &lt; 0.05). Most improvements were maintained 8 weeks after discharge. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; This study indicates that intensive training with an arm exoskeleton is feasible with chronic-stroke patients. Moderate improvements were found in all 3 subjects, thus further clinical investigations are justified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000262444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T21:31:39Z","timestamp":1259357499000},"page":"240-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effects of Arm Training with the Robotic Device ARMin I in Chronic Stroke: Three Single Cases"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Nef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Quinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Riener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.106.179918"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00115-003-1549-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawf091"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fjnnp.55.7.530"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0022-510X%2895%2900003-K"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163%2F156855307780851975"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs11517-007-0226-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF02345116"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682%2FJRRD.2005.03.0056"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109%2F86.331561"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1743-0003-1-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fapmr.2001.33101"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682%2FJRRD.2005.04.0076"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109%2FTNSRE.2006.881553"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177%2F1545968308331148"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fapmr.2001.18668"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fmus.20285"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0022-510X%2800%2900305-1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0022-510X%2886%2990052-3"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fmus.1054"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.30.8.1538"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F1097-4598%28200102%2924%3A2%3C273%3A%3AAID-MUS130%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Z"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fmus.20343"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109%2F86.662623"}],"container-title":["Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/262444","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/262444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T21:47:23Z","timestamp":1745444843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000262444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000262444","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2854","1660-2862"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-2854","type":"print"},{"value":"1660-2862","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}