{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:28:53Z","timestamp":1777868933077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fetal Diagn Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of unconjugated estriol (uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;) as a serum marker for the detection of Down syndrome (DS) during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy was evaluated. A population of 18,764 normal singleton pregnancies was screened for \u03b1-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. In 9,311 women, uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; was added. Using a risk of 1:250 at term as a cutoff value, the false-positive rates were 4.1 and 4.3% without and with uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;, respectively. The detection rates in 47 DS serum samples, some of which were studied retrospectively, were 66% without uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; and 57% with uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;. In 12 of 25 younger women and in 19 of 22 older women, DS was detected without uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;. The uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; contributed to the detection of 4 additional DS pregnancies (1 in the young and 3 in older women). On the other hand, 8 DS pregnancies (3 in younger women and 5 in older women) escaped detection. In our sample the addition of uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; lowered the detection rate of DS pregnancies with only a small and insignificant effect on the false-positive rate. Our results call for special caution in the addition of markers for risk calculations. We suggest that pregnancies with a calculated risk of &gt; 1:250 following maternal serum \u03b1-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin markers tests should be regarded as high-risk pregnancies, even in cases in whom the addition of uE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; lowers the risk beneath the cutoff value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000264287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T03:50:28Z","timestamp":1259553028000},"page":"99-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unconjugated Estriol as Maternal Serum Marker for the Detection of Down Syndrome Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Merksamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Israel \u2020","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]]},"container-title":["Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000264287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:53:46Z","timestamp":1777553626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000264287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000264287","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-3837","1421-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-3837","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]]}}}