{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:34:23Z","timestamp":1768883663319,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]],"date-time":"2009-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]],"date-time":"2009-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> The use of sedation during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is undisputed; however, the combination of benzodiazepines and opiates, although reasonable, is suggested to cause hypoventilation, particularly in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure. <i>Objectives:<\/i> To assess respiratory function during FB. <i>Methods:<\/i> Transcutaneous P<i>C<\/i><i>O<\/i><sub>2 <\/sub>(Ptc<i>C<\/i><i>O<\/i><sub>2<\/sub>), oxygen saturation, patients\u2019 tolerance, time after FB until recovery and application of drug dosage were assessed in patients receiving either midazolam with alfentanil (n = 15) or midazolam alone (n = 15) for sedation for FB. <i>Results:<\/i> There were no differences in Ptc<i>C<\/i><i>O<\/i><sub>2<\/sub> values during FB between the two groups (all p > 0.05). However, Ptc<i>C<\/i><i>O<\/i><sub>2 <\/sub>significantly increased over time in both groups (both p < 0.001; RM-ANOVA on ranks). Minimum oxygen saturation (Sa<i>O<\/i><sub>2<\/sub>) [89 (interquartile range 79.8\/92.8) vs. 86 (interquartile range 82.3\/87.8)%; p = 0.46] and the duration until recovery, i.e., achieving an ALDRETE score of \u22679 [30 (interquartile range 10\/90) vs. 10 (interquartile range 10\/105) min; p = 0.68] were comparable for monosedation and combined sedation, respectively. The total amount of midazolam [4.0 (interquartile range 4.0\/4.0) vs. 2.0 (interquartile range 2.0\/2.0) mg; p < 0.001] was lower in patients receiving combined sedation. Significantly lower scores for pain and asphyxia, and a clear tendency to less nausea and cough were reported by patients receiving combined sedation. <i>Conclusions: <\/i>Combined sedation during FB produced a comparable degree of desaturation and hypoventilation, and is associated with a comparable time to full recovery compared to monosedation in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure. Importantly, FB using combined sedation is better tolerated by patients despite only 50% midazolam consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000267227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]],"date-time":"2009-12-14T09:51:30Z","timestamp":1260784290000},"page":"307-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Sedation during Flexible Bronchoscopy in Patients with Pre-Existing Respiratory Failure: Midazolam versus Midazolam plus Alfentanil"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Dreher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emelie","family":"Ekkernkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Hendrik","family":"Storre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Joachim","family":"Kabitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.100.6.1668"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1440-1843.1998.tb00101.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.115.5.1437"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthx.2003.019836"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthx.44.10.769"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2044.1988.tb08973.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.08-2466"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.08-0623"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0952-8180%2894%2900001-K"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017%2FS0265021506001116"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.06.00088005"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0954-6111%2898%2990005-1"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0954-6111%2895%2990071-3"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/267227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/267227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T20:29:22Z","timestamp":1745440162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000267227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000267227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]]}}}