{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:17:18Z","timestamp":1780582638208,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Few studies have examined the impact of gender, age at onset, phenotype and comorbidity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children. In this naturalistic study we consider these characteristics of OCD in the framework of the 4 OCD phenotypes (contamination\/cleaning, order\/symmetry, obsessions\/checking and hoarding) proposed by Leckman et al. &lt;i&gt;Sampling and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; A consecutive series of 257 patients aged 13.6 \u00b1 2.8 years, diagnosed using a DSM-IV-based clinical interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children \u2013 Present and Lifetime Version), were included. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Patients with OCD onset before 12 years of age presented a higher frequency of comorbid tic disorder and disruptive behavior disorders. The type of obsession varied with gender: order\/symmetry was more frequent in males, contamination\/cleaning in females. Order\/symmetry had the highest comorbidity with tics, contamination\/cleaning was the least severe according to the Clinical Global Impression Severity, and was associated with a high rate of comorbid anxiety and depression, similarly to sexual-religious obsessions. Hoarding was the severest according to the Clinical Global Impression Severity, and was associated with a high comorbidity with social phobia and bipolar disorder. Tic comorbidity was more prevalent in males, had an earlier onset, and a heavier comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders. A comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was associated with an earlier onset of OCD and a poorer response to treatments. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; OCD phenotypes and comorbidities may have marked clinical and prognostic implications. Tertiary care population results may not generalize to less impaired juvenile populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000274175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]],"date-time":"2010-01-11T08:13:29Z","timestamp":1263197609000},"page":"69-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["A Naturalistic Exploratory Study of the Impact of Demographic, Phenotypic and Comorbid Features in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive 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