{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:01:53Z","timestamp":1777870913812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gradient of cellular [Na+] on [K+] ion within the renal pelvis of the rabbit was correlated with the autorhythmicity of the proximal, middle, distal and ureteropelvic regions of this structure. The results show that the maximum frequency of spontaneous pacemaker contractions occur at the proximal pelvis with a mean frequency of 4.97 \u00b1 0.85 contractions\/min, a mean [Na+] of 91.0 \u00b1 33.3 mEq\/kg wet weight, a mean [K+] of 18.9 \u00b1 6.0 mEq\/kg wet weight. The frequency of spontaneous activity from the middle pelvis and distal pelvis decreases to mean values of 2.76 \u00b1 0.60 and 1.82 \u00b1 0.56 contractions\/min. The corresponding values for [Na+] and [K+] are 78.0 \u00b1 27.7 and 11.8 \u00b1 4.7 for the middle pelvis and 66.6 \u00b1 32.7 and 9.75 \u00b1 3.4 for the distal pelvis, respectively. Normalized regression curves indicate a [Na+] gradient variation of \u0394 [Na+] = 67.1 \u00b1 0.07\u0394 F and a [K+] gradient of \u0394 [K+] = 39.8 \u2013\u2013 0.06\u0394 F + 0.01 \u0394 F2. Spatially, the variation of [Na+] and [K+] with distance, D, within the pelvis is given by [Na+] = 119 \u2013\u2013 14D + D2 and [K+] = 26 \u2013\u2013 11D + 2D2. It is concluded from this study that there is a frequency gradient between proximal renal pelvis and ureteropelvic junction which is significantly interdependent upon the cellular [Na+] on [K+] concentration gradient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000280766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,2]],"date-time":"2010-02-02T03:42:27Z","timestamp":1265082147000},"page":"235-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Total [Na\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    ] and [K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    ] Gradient in the Pyeloureter"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Reimnitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Shugart-Reimnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.E.","family":"Constantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]]},"container-title":["Urologia Internationalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000280766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:51:24Z","timestamp":1777567884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000280766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000280766","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-1138","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0399","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]]}}}