{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:03:49Z","timestamp":1777871029392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An important aspect of modern extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the ability to perform the procedure without anesthesia. Between June 1987 and April 1990, a total of 7,500 treatments were performed in our Lithotripsy Unit, using the Lithostar (Siemens AG, Erlangen, FRG): moreover 80% of the treatments were carried out as an anesthesia-free outpatient service. All treatments were reviewed for anesthetic requirements. Epidural anesthesia was performed in 74\/7,500 (0.98%) treatments: during the initial period, the first 70 procedures were systematically performed under epidural anesthesia, and in 4 later cases of simultaneous endoscopic stone manipulation. Local skin infiltration was applied at the coupling site in 658\/7,500 (8.7%) treatments. With increasing experience and technological improvement, 6,229\/7,500 (83%) procedures were performed later on with only mild sedation: 1 mg of lorazepam orally 30 min before the treatment. Intravenous sedation was required in 510\/7,500 (6.8%) cases because of painful local irritation, especially when treating calculi close to sites where shock waves can progress along the ribs. General anesthesia was required in all 28 children (0.4%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000282191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T05:55:56Z","timestamp":1265176556000},"page":"77-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anesthetic Requirements during Electromagnetic Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Vandeursen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Pittomvils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Matura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Boving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Baert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]]},"container-title":["Urologia Internationalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000282191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:57:56Z","timestamp":1777568276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000282191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000282191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-1138","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0399","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]]}}}