{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1791133581941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]],"date-time":"2010-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]],"date-time":"2010-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Immunologic mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated reproductive failure. The purpose of this study was to describe key immune response elements in eutopic and ectopic endometrium and to test the hypothesis that expression of CD3-positive T cells, the T-helper 1-type cytokine, IFN-g, and the antigen presentation marker, HLA-DR, vary throughout the menstrual cycle in eutopic endometrium and are more abundantly expressed in ectopic than in eutopic endometrium. Methods: Eutopic and ectopic endometrium obtained at hysterectomy from 7 women with endometriosis were compared with hysterectomy specimens from 7 women with adenomyosis and 10 women without endometriosis or endometrial pathology. Tissues were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned and stained using the biotin-streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase technique and antibodies to human CD3, IFN-g, and HLA-DR. Eutopic endometrial samples were histologically divided into menses (n = 5), proliferative (n = 9), and secretory (n = 10) phases. Positive control tissues (spleen) and negative controls (no primary antibody) were used in each experiment. Results: T cells, IFN-g and HLA-DR-positive cells were observed in eutopic endometrial samples throughout the menstrual cycle. Glandular epithelium was CD3-negative except for CD3-positive cells surrounding and occasionally interdigitating between glandular epithelium. Glandular epithelium was IFN-g-positive and HLA-DR-positive in all phases except the proliferative phase. Staining was more often observed in the basalis than in the functionalis layer, ranging from patchy staining to the entire gland. T cells, IFN-g, and HLA-DR-positive stromal cells were more abundant in secretory endometrium than in proliferative samples. CD3, IFN-g, and HLA-DR-positive cells were scattered throughout the myometrium and concentrated in vessels. Higher intensity staining was observed in ectopic than in eutopic endometrium, with CD3 and HLA-DR-positive cells forming aggregates around IFN-g and HLA-DR-positive glands. The intensity of IFN-g staining in ectopic endometrium was similar to the intensity of staining observed in menstrual and late secretory basalis samples from eutopic endometrium. Conclusions: The results of this observational study suggest that activated T cells, IFN-g and upregulation of antigen presentation may play a role in normal endometrial physiology. The increased number of T cells, expression of IFN-g and enhanced antigen presentation in ectopic compared to eutopic endometrium support the concept that cellular immune activation is involved in endometriosis and its sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000291866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1267417223000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Localization of T Cells, Interferon-Gamma and HLA-DR in Eutopic and Ectopic Human Endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Charlene M.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]]},"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000291866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:07:13Z","timestamp":1777615633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000291866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000291866","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]]}}}