{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T06:50:29Z","timestamp":1759042229864,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Addict Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; Studies in animals and humans suggest that early life stress alters hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The same alterations are related to the symptoms and course of alcohol dependence. This study examined relationships between childhood trauma and HPA axis activity in alcohol-dependent patients controlling for psychopathology and characteristics of dependence. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Thirty-eight consecutive patients (42% female) were examined at admission to detoxification (t1) and 14 days later (t2). Morning plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH) were determined. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and measures of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Sexual abuse was related to higher levels of cortisol during acute withdrawal (r = 0.38, p = 0.02). Levels of ACTH were negatively correlated with the CTQ total score (t2: r = \u20130.42, p &lt; 0.01), emotional abuse (t2: r = \u20130.33, p = 0.04), emotional neglect (t2: r = \u20130.33, p = 0.04), and physical neglect (t2: r = \u20130.33, p = 0.05) controlling for psychopathology and characteristics of dependence. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Our findings suggest, that childhood trauma is related to blunted ACTH and increased cortisol during withdrawal in alcohol-dependent patients. Early life stress might be a confounding variable in studies of HPA function in alcohol dependence and future studies should examine potential clinical consequences of these relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000294362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,11]],"date-time":"2010-03-11T09:26:54Z","timestamp":1268299614000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Impact of Childhood Trauma on Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Alcohol-Dependent 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