{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:55:34Z","timestamp":1777892134328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study we have measured the concentrations of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) samples obtained from patients undergoing ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin\/human chorionic gonadotropin. In 13 of the 24 (54%) FF samples obtained from 20 patients, TNF-\u03b1 was detected. In contrast, IL-1\u03b2 was observed in none of the 16 samples assessed. In the samples with detectable levels of TNF-\u03b1, the mean concentration was 40.1 pg\/ml (range 20-74 pg\/ml). In addition, we found an association between the presence of TNF-\u03b1 in the FF and the serum level of 17\u03b2-estradiol (E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;) and progesterone (P). The E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; and P levels were significantly lower in patients with detectable levels of TNF-\u03b1 in FF than in patients with no detectable TNF-\u03b1 in FF. In summary, the present study shows the presence of TNF-\u03b1 and the absence IL-1\u03b2 in hyperstimulated human preovulatory FF. In addition, our results show an association between the presence of TNF-\u03b1 in FF and low E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; and P levels in serum, suggesting a role for TNF-\u03b1 in the regulation of human steroidogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000294853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T04:07:18Z","timestamp":1268712438000},"page":"80-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Demonstration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in Preovulatory Follicular Fluid: Its Association with Serum 17\u03b2-Estradiol and Progesterone"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Punnonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.K.","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Teisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kujansuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.T.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Punnonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000294853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:20:00Z","timestamp":1777616400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000294853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000294853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]}}}