{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:51:30Z","timestamp":1787017890243,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The simultaneous effects of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptives on serum estradiol and progesterone levels were investigated in 114 premenopausal women. Serum 17\u0392-estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In smokers, estradiol and progesterone levels were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.025). In smokers using oral contraceptives, estradiol and progesterone levels were the lowest (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively). The findings suggest that smoking and oral contraceptives independently lower serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations in premenopausal women and that the effects may be additive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000294888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T04:07:18Z","timestamp":1268712438000},"page":"224-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Endogenous Estradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Smokers on Oral Contraceptives"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Jayasri","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdy S.","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhudas R.","family":"Palan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seymour L.","family":"Romney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000294888","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1777616417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000294888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000294888","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]}}}