{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:15:26Z","timestamp":1792721726289,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,22]],"date-time":"2010-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,22]],"date-time":"2010-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic airway disease, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recently, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reported to be associated with tissue fibrosis. TGF-\u03b21, which is a potent inducer of EMT, is thought to be related to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. We investigated whether TGF-\u03b21 and\/or TNF-\u03b1 induce EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Cultured BEAS-2B cells and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were treated with TGF-\u03b21 and\/or TNF-\u03b1. Morphological changes and the expression of EMT-related markers were evaluated by immunocytochemical staining. Expressions of EMT-related markers, extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen type I and versican), and TGF-\u03b2 receptors I, II, and III were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Migration was evaluated using the Boyden chamber technique. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The TGF-\u03b21-induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells was demonstrated on the basis of morphological changes and the downregulation of E-cadherin. Costimulation with TNF-\u03b1 enhanced the TGF-\u03b21-induced morphological changes and increased vimentin expression. Treatment with TGF-\u03b21 increased the expression of collagen type I and versican. EMT induced with TGF-\u03b21 plus TNF-\u03b1 promoted cell migration. Stimulation of NHBE with TGF-\u03b21 led to EMT. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; TGF-\u03b21 induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells, and costimulation with TNF-\u03b1 enhanced the EMT. As a result of the EMT process, BEAS-2B cells acquired functions of mesenchymal cells. In addition, TGF-\u03b21 treatment induced EMT in NHBE as shown by changes in EMT-related markers. Bronchial epithelial cells might contribute to airway remodeling through EMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000318854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]],"date-time":"2010-12-21T16:41:16Z","timestamp":1292949676000},"page":"119-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Simultaneous Stimulation with TGF-\u03b21 and TNF-\u03b1 Induces Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Bronchial Epithelial 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