{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:06:31Z","timestamp":1780581991931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Alterations in interrelated endocrine axes may be related to the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Salivary cortisol before and after a 0.5-mg dexamethasone test, and serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine (T&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;), free T&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;, total triiodothyronine (TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;), estradiol, testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 were measured in 43 MCI cases and 26 healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery covering the cognitive domains of speed\/attention, memory, visuospatial functions, language and executive functions. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The MCI group did not differ in basal levels of endocrine markers compared to controls. Among those with MCI, TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; levels were inversely associated with cognitive performance across all domains. After stratifying MCI cases according to TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; levels, those with relatively high TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; levels showed impairment in memory as well as in visuospatial and executive functions. Those with TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; levels at or below the lower boundary of the normal range performed comparably to healthy controls. Other endocrine markers were not related to cognitive performance. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Among those with MCI, TT&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; was associated with a neuropsychological profile typical of prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease. While the mechanisms remain unclear, optimal levels of thyroid hormone under a compromising condition such as MCI and related neuropathology need reconsideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000319746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]],"date-time":"2010-08-26T08:50:25Z","timestamp":1282812625000},"page":"205-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Thyroid Hormones Are Associated with Poorer Cognition in Mild Cognitive 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